#infrastructure project

Whoosh and the Next Phase of Java’s Railway Planning (2): Plan Before Building

Java continues to urbanize rapidly. Potential railway corridors will become increasingly expensive and difficult to acquire. Indonesia should therefore identify and protect strategic rights-of-way long before construction begins.

Whoosh and the Next Phase of Java’s Railway Planning (1): A Tale of Two Problems

The lesson from Whoosh should not be reduced to “do not expand until the debt is solved”. Equally, it would be wrong to assume that expanding the network will somehow make the existing debt problem disappear.

Indonesia’s Costly Illusion of Continuity: When Budget Capacity Doesn’t Reflect the Strategic Plan

Continuity should be treated as a hypothesis—tested against budgets and evidence. Keep building, but within ecological ceilings and social floors. Indonesia deserves a development debate that puts opportunity cost at the center and treats public money as the scarce resource it is.